一、框架分类
1、sockect+业务处理
该类框架有:tornado
2、只有业务逻辑,不包含socket,而是引用第三方组件(socket),这个第三方组件(socket)要遵循的协议就是:wsgi
框架有:django、bottle、flask 主要是逻辑处理、第三方的模块(包含了socket)
3、python中内置了wsgiref,它包含了socket
4、WEB框架原理
二、框架讲解
第一步:
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_serverdef new(): return 'new'def index(): return 'index'#用户请求所有内容封装在变量:environ#返回给用户所有信息变量:start_responsedef RunServer(environ, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) #获取用户URL url = environ['PATH_INFO'] if url == "/new": ret = new() elif url == "/index": ret = index() else: ret = "404" return retif __name__ == '__main__': httpd = make_server('', 8000, RunServer) print("Serving HTTP on port 8000...") httpd.serve_forever()运行结果
改进版
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_serverdef new(): return 'new'def index(): return 'index'URLS = { "/new": new, "/index": index,}#用户请求所有内容封装在变量:environ#返回给用户所有信息变量:start_responsedef RunServer(environ, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) #获取用户URL url = environ['PATH_INFO'] # if url == "/new": # ret = new() # elif url == "/index": # ret = index() # else: # ret = "404" # return ret if url in URLS.keys(): func_name = URLS[url] ret = func_name() else: ret = "404" return retif __name__ == '__main__': httpd = make_server('', 8000, RunServer) print("Serving HTTP on port 8000...") httpd.serve_forever()
再进化
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_serverdef new(): return 'asdf
'def index(): return 'index'URLS = { "/new": new, "/index": index,}#用户请求所有内容封装在变量:environ#返回给用户所有信息变量:start_responsedef RunServer(environ, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) #获取用户URL url = environ['PATH_INFO'] # if url == "/new": # ret = new() # elif url == "/index": # ret = index() # else: # ret = "404" # return ret if url in URLS.keys(): func_name = URLS[url] ret = func_name() else: ret = "404" return retif __name__ == '__main__': httpd = make_server('', 8000, RunServer) print("Serving HTTP on port 8000...") httpd.serve_forever()运行结果:
再向前进化一步
结构:
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_serverdef new(): f = open('new.html','r') data = f.read() return datadef index(): return 'index'URLS = { "/new": new, "/index": index,}#用户请求所有内容封装在变量:environ#返回给用户所有信息变量:start_responsedef RunServer(environ, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) #获取用户URL url = environ['PATH_INFO'] # if url == "/new": # ret = new() # elif url == "/index": # ret = index() # else: # ret = "404" # return ret if url in URLS.keys(): func_name = URLS[url] ret = func_name() else: ret = "404" return retif __name__ == '__main__': httpd = make_server('', 8000, RunServer) print("Serving HTTP on port 8000...") httpd.serve_forever() 运行结果:
再向前进化
V-- new.htmlTitle hello you
C -- controller.pydef new(): f = open('new.html','r') data = f.read() return datadef index(): return 'index'def home(): return 'home'路由:urlsimport controllerURLS = { "/new": controller.new, "/index": controller.index, "/home": controller.home,}启动程序:start.pyfrom wsgiref.simple_server import make_serverfrom urls import URLS#返回给用户所有信息变量:start_responsedef RunServer(environ, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) #获取用户URL url = environ['PATH_INFO'] if url in URLS.keys(): func_name = URLS[url] ret = func_name() else: ret = "404" return retif __name__ == '__main__': httpd = make_server('', 8000, RunServer) httpd.serve_forever()
进一步升级:模板
看代码:
import osimport timedef new(): f = open(os.path.join('views','new.html'),'r') data = f.read() new_data = data.replace('{ {itme}}',str(time.time())) return new_datadef index(): f = open(os.path.join('views', 'index.html'), 'r') data = f.read() return datadef home(): f = open(os.path.join('views', 'home.html'), 'r') data = f.read() return data
下面引入模块语言:第三方组件jingjia2 安装:pip3 install jingjia2
4、初识tornado框架
自定义:
二、web编程之cookie
1、原理
在浏览器端保存的键值对,特性:每次HTTP请求都会携带;
2、服务端tornado操作cookie
A、查看所有cookie所有对象:self.cookies
B、获取cookie对象信息值:self.get_cookie('k1') C、设置cookies对象信息:self.set_cookie('k1','999')3、在浏览器上使用javascript
A、document.cookie 查找所有cookie对象
B、从上图看,cookie就是一个字符串,因此可采用截取或循环的方式进行
4、带签名的cookie原理
5、基于cookiet用户验证
方式一:
方式二:
三、web编程之session
session信息保存在服务端,要想使用session信息,还要依赖于cookie对象。